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Levée de boucliers contre la révision constitutionnelle en RDC

L’idée a germé ces derniers jours, alimentant le débat dans les salons huppés de la ville ainsi que sur la Toile. La révision de la Constitution congolaise, en vigueur depuis sa promulgation le 18 février 2006 par l’ancien Président Joseph Kabila.

A l’Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social (UDPS), parti au pouvoir, l’on s’est déjà prononcé favorablement à la révision constitutionnelle. « Notre préoccupation, c’est de revisiter certains articles de la Loi fondamentale qui, par méchanceté, existent dans notre Constitution », a récemment déclaré l’UDPS Jimmy Ambumba, président de la Commission politico-administrative et juridique (PAJ) à l’Assemblée nationale, sur les ondes de la radio Top Congo.

Au-delà du parti tshisekediste, l’idée de modifier la Loi des lois est défendue bec et ongles par de certains partis et personnalités politiques membres de l’Union sacrée de la nation (USN). Steve Mbikayi, chef de file de Front patriotique 2023, structure qui milite et mobilise en faveur de la victoire électorale de Félix Tshisekedi à la prochaine présidentielle, passe pour le porte-étendard de cette idée. Très remuant sur les réseaux sociaux, Twitter notamment, et dans les médias, Mbikayi s’est imposé la mission de prêcher la révision constitutionnelle voire même son changement.

Révision ou changement constitutionnel

« Notre constitution actuelle est issue d’un compromis entre anciens rebelles de l’AFDL, du RCD, du MLC… Les forces démocratiques ayant lutté pour le changement dans ce pays sont en droit de proposer une autre qui nous conduira à la 4ème République. La majorité parlementaire en a le droit », a-t-il exposé sur Twitter alors que du côté de l’UDPS, l’on insiste sur la révision de certaines dispositions et non le changement constitutionnel.

« Le Chef de l’Etat Félix Tshisekedi n’a nullement l’intention de changer la Constitution. Nous parlons droit. La modification de la constitution, c’est autre chose », a précisé Jimmy Ambumba. Pendant ce temps, Mbikayi n’a jamais cessé d’appeler à un référendum pour la modification de l’article 220 de la Constitution. Cet article, qualifié de « verrouillé » depuis les temps Kabila, interdit toute modification au sujet de la forme républicaine de l’Etat, du principe du suffrage universel, de la forme représentative du Gouvernement, du nombre et de la durée des mandats du Président de la République, de l’indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire, du pluralisme politique et syndical.

Mbikayi, une réputation sulfureuse

Cibler principalement un seul article sur les 229 que compte la Constitution, cache mal l’intention de Steve Mbikayi de manœuvrer pour le prolongement du pouvoir de Félix Tshisekedi, estiment des internautes. Leur opinion est surtout renforcée par la réputation de Mbikayi, perçu comme un « politicien qui réfléchi avec et pour son ventre » et habile à changer de camp politique au gré de ses intérêts, devenu plus Tshisekediste que les Tshisekedistes de première heure. Et ce, après avoir été devenu plus Kabiliste que les vrais.

Difficile pour le leader du FP 2023, de drainer du monde pour soutenir sa démarche, qui vise également et particulièrement la restauration du septennat. Steve Mbikayi a expliqué que « en Afrique, tous les 5 ans on dépense beaucoup pour des élections qui n’apportent aucun changement de fond. Que perdrions-nous en restaurant le septennat? »

Fayulu au front

Alors que Mbikayi et l’UDPS jugent leur démarche « vitale » pour « l’intérêt supérieur de la nation », ils voient se dresser devant eux, et comme un seul homme, les Opposants au régime de Tshisekedi. En première ligne, Martin Fayulu et son Lamuka. Figure de proue de l’Opposition, Fayulu ne jure que sur la tenue des élections en 2023 pour « sonner la fin de la médiocrité ». Révision ou changement constitutionnel, sont perçus par des Opposants comme des stratagèmes ou de ballon d’essai pour baliser la voie du glissement.

« Le changement de la constitution est un projet machiavélique ds politiciens corbillards nostalgiques du tout puissant maréchal du Zaïre. Cette idée attentatoire à la démocratie, sera combattue, au prix de notre sang », a soutenu Rodrigue Ramazani, porte-parole d’Envol, parti cher à Delly Sessanga, qui a récemment claqué la porte de l’USN. Et d’ajouter: « l’Union sacrée veut anéantir les acquis de notre démocratie pour satisfaire le fantasme dictatorial d’un individu. Cette idée est une provocation que Félix Tshisekedi lance contre la patrie, y mettre fin, est un devoir patriotique ».

L’USN en ordre dispersé

Outre les Opposants, certaines personnalités membres de l’USN ont ouvertement pris position contre l’idée de révision ou de changement constitutionnel. Olivier Kamitatu est du nombre. Directeur de cabinet et porte-parole de Moïse Katumbi, il a balayé d’un revers de la main toute idée relative au changement de la constitution.

« Les apprentis-sorciers qui caressent le rêve de changer la Constitution sous prétexte de «coller à la réalité politique» hypothèquent la fragile stabilité du pays! Vaincre les incertitudes liées à l’avenir exige tout simplement un leadership éclairé qui rassure les Congolais », a-t-il affirmé sur un ton réfléchi, avant de soulever deux questions en appui à son argumentaire. « La Constitution a-t-elle empêché les retentissants succès du programme des 100 jours, du projet Tshilejelu, de Kinshasa Zéro Trou ou des Jeux de la Francophonie? A-t-elle empêché de partager les milliards de D. Gertler et revendre ses blocs pétroliers? », a-t-il interrogé, pendant que Claudel Lubaya, juridique, a démontré l’impossible révision constitutionnelle en ce moment où une partie du territoire national se trouve en situation d’état de siège.

ans le commenter, il a brandi l’article 219 de la Constitution qui stipule: «Aucune révision ne peut intervenir pendant l’état de guerre, l’état d’urgence ou l’état de siège ni pendant l’intérim à la présidence de la République ni lorsque l’Assemblée nationale et le Sénat se trouvent empêchés de se réunir librement». Pour d’aucuns, le président de l’UDA-Originelle a ainsi exprimé son refus de soutenir toute initiative de révision constitutionnelle.

En un mot comme en mille, il y a levée des boucliers contre la révision constitutionnelle aussi bien au sein de l’Union sacrée que du côté de l’Opposition.

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